Research in the Hummer group combines theory and computational methods to study the structure and function of biomolecules and their complexes. Emphasis is placed on the role of water and ions in biomolecular systems, and in particular on hydrophobic and electrostatic effects.  Focus areas include theory of single-molecule experiments, channel function, peptide and protein folding, complex formation and ligand binding, proton pumping and bioenergetics, reaction-rate calculations and the development of new methods for biomolecular simulation and electrostatics.